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Effect of soil tillage intensity on seedbank dynamics of oilseed rape compared with plastic pellets as reference material

Summary
Tillage operations with different intensities following the input of oilseed rape seeds and an inert reference material (plastic pellets) resulted in seed banks which varied in size and vertical distribution. The size of the rapeseed bank has mainly to be attributed to seed losses in or on the soil, since seed bank and seed losses correlated with 0.84. Highest seed losses and consequently smallest soil seed banks were determined in treatments without stubble tillage and primary tillage by using a plough or a rigid tine cultivator in late autumn. A comparison with the reference material showed seed losses mainly in the soil horizon 0-10 cm (maximum seed: reference ratio 0.17) for treatments without stubble tillage, with non-inversion tillage operations or with zero tillage. A treatment with immediate, shallow incorporation of seeds and ploughing in late autumn resulted in seed losses mainly in soil horizons 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm (maximum seed: reference ratio 0.19). Several mortality factors e.g. predators or fatal germination seem to differently affect seeds depending on cultivation sequence and soil depth.
The study allows to divide the occurrence and vertical distribution of seeds in a soil seed bank into effects of mechanical shifting and into effects of seed mortality. The data will be integrated in models for seed bank dynamics of oilseed rape and weeds.

german version

Keywords/Stichworte:Tillage intensity; soil seed bank; Brassica napus ; dormancy; mortality; modelling

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Autor:S. GRUBER, W. CLAUPEIN, Institut für Pflanzenbau und Grünland, Universität Hohenheim (340), Fruwirthstr. 23, D-70599 Stuttgart, E-Mail: grubersf@uni-hohenheim.de, claupein@uni-hohenheim.de

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