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Allelopathy of middle European agricultural weeds – an overview

Summary
The complete article is written in German
In a narrow sense allelopathy describes interactions between higher plants by release of metabolic chemicals (allelochemicals). The phenomenon is common in nature and also known from weeds and crop plants. At present allelopathic effects are described of at least 66 middle European annual or perennial weeds. Investigations focus on allelopathy of weeds against crop plants, however, sometimes also against other weeds. Inhibitory effects on crop plants dominated over stimulative ones. Sometimes allelopathic weeds can also modify plant successions. If allelopathic effects of weeds occur within the agrobiocenosis they mostly act in the first step on other weeds and crop plants. In addition many allelochemicals, however, can directly affect epigaeic or soil microorganisms and the fauna and successively induce further interactions. In addition many indirect effects occur. Weed allelopathy may be used for stimulating crop plants or for reduction of other weeds, e.g. by use as cover crops or as mulch with weeds. Furthermore allelochemicals may be used as 'biological' herbicides. In future allelopathy of weeds needs more investigations to understand its mode of action and to use it in agriculture.

german version

Keywords/Stichworte:Allellopathy; phytotoxicity; weed; crop; invasive plants; microorganisms; insects; agrobiocenosis; soil; herbicide

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Autor:H.-P. MALKOMES, Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Institut für Unkrautforschung, Messeweg 11-12, D-38104 Braunschweig; E-Mail: H.Malkomes@bba.de

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