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Pinoxaden – for broad spectrum grass weed management in cereal crops
Summary
Pinoxaden is a new grass active compound discovered by Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland. The innovative molecule belongs to the phenlypyrazolin chemistry and is being developed for global use in cereal crops. Pinoxaden is applied post-emergence at use rates of 30-60 g ai/ha and active against a wide range of important grass weed species (Alopecurus myosuroides, Apera spica-venti, Avena spp., Lolium spp., Phalaris spp. and Setaria spp.). Tolerance in key cereal crops – including both wheat and barley – is obtained by incorporating the proprietary safener cloquintocet-mexyl into an easy-to-use liquid formulation, which delivers maximal performance when used with a specially optimized adjuvant.
Due to its high level of activity against most important grass weeds, its tolerance in wheat and barley crops combined with a wide application window from early to late post-emergence and rotational freedom to following crops, pinoxaden will set a new standard in grass weed control in cereals. Starting from 2006, pinoxaden will be introduced as AXIAL® into cereal markets globally.
Ralon Super – autumn application against Alopecurus myosuroides (black grass) in winter barley
Summary
The complete article is written in German
The problems with black grass (Alopecurus myosuroides L.) in winter barley are increasing. Especially in low tillage systems and under dry conditions, the soil active herbicides are not sufficient. Products on the base of Isoproturon do not work any longer against black grass in many regions of Germany. Another reason for the reduced use of Isoproturon are the heavy restrictions in autumn application.
The post emerge spraying with 1.0 l/ha Ralon Super in combination with 4.0 l/ha Stomp SC worked very well against black grass. The yields in this variant were excellent. When Lentipur was added, the efficacy against black grass increased.
The post emerge spraying of Ralon Super, especially in combination with Stomp SC is an excellent solution for the black grass problems in winter barley. The registration of Ralon Super for the autumn application in winter barley is expected.
A new herbicide adjuvant based on a non-super spreading trisiloxane surfactant
Summary
Ever since the discovery that silicone surfactants improve the efficacy of herbicides, their efficiency was attributed to the phenomena of super spreading. We developed now a silicone surfactant (BREAK-THRU S233) that reduces the surface tension of water dramatically like other products of this surfactant class, but does not provide super spreading. We could show that in field trials with herbicides, there was no difference in improvement of efficacy between the super spreading and non-super spreading surfactants. Both products enhance the rainfastness of a sulfonylurea to the same extent. With glyphosate formulations, the non-super spreader was even slightly better. When the non-super spreader was mixed with an organic additive, the combination was as good as the non-super spreader alone but showed higher selectivity with sugar beet herbicides. Advantages of BREAK-THRU S233 as compared to super spreaders are the reduced risk of 'run-off', the low dose per ha (100 ml/ha) and the robust efficacy with herbicides.
MaisTer Liquid – The more user-friendly successor of MaisTer+Mero
Summary
The complete article is written in German
After the introduction of MaisTer+Mero in spring 2003 a successor product is currently under development. MaisTer Liquid is formulated as oil dispersion and contains the same active ingredients as the granular formulation. The anticipated use rate of the product is 1.5 l/ha.
MaisTer Liquid offers good crop tolerance and a broad weed control spectrum that includes all the grass weeds and dicotyledonous weeds important in corn production. Consistent control of dominant weeds such as common couch (Elymus repens (L.) P.BEAUV), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.), ryegrass species (Poa spec.), lambsquarters (Chenopodium spec.), black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.), common chickweed (Stellaria media (L.) VILL./CYR), mayweed species (Matricaria spec.) is provided. Only for the control of wild buckweed (Polygonum convolvulus L.) a mix partner will be needed.
In addition to its broad weed control spectrum MaisTer Liquid also offers a very favourable recropping profile. Previous experience confirms that after harvest of treated corn cereals can be seeded and in spring, any crop may be grown.
MaisTer Liquid will be applied post emergent between the 2-leaf and the 6-leaf stage of the crop. Since activity is mainly foliar weed emergence should be largely completed before application of the product.
The presentation will review results and experiences obtained with MaisTer alone and in combination with tankmix partner during the past three years in Germany.
Topramazone – a new highly selective herbicide compound for control of warm season grasses and dicotyledoneous weeds in maize
Summary
The complete article is written in German
Topramezone is the first herbicide belonging to a new chemical class called pyrazolones. In sensitive plant species Topramezone inhibits the enzyme 4-Hydroxy-Phenyl-Pyruvat-dioxygenase (4-HPPD). As a result, the biosynthesis of plastochinones und indirectly of carotinoides discontinues, leading to a disruption of the synthesis and function of chloroplasts. Consequently, Chlorophyll is destroyed by oxidation. This process is expressed in pronounced bleaching symptoms of the growing shoot tissue and subsequent necrosis of the aboveground plant matter.
The pronounced selectivity in maize consists of a lower sensitivity of the enzymatic target and a faster metabolic decomposition in maize compared to sensitive plant species. Topramezone is taken up by the shoot and the roots, the distribution within the plants is both akro- and basipetally. Uptake by and distribution within the shoot is significantly increased with a suitable adjuvant.
Topramezone has favourable toxicological und ecotoxicological properties. Water solubility and persistency in the soil are in a medium range, which results in weed control also through soil uptake. However, due to the strongly pronounced foliar activity of this compound even against advanced weed growth stages and the very good crop safety, Topramezone is intended to be used postemergence of the crop in a range from 1- to 8-leaf-stage of maize.
In comparison to other 4-HPPD-inhibiting herbicides Topramezone is characterized by a highly effective control of the whole spectrum of important annual warm season grasses in central Europe, especially Echinochloa-, Setaria-, Digitaria- und Panicum-species. The list of dicotyledoneous weeds which are very well controlled and by means of the supplementary soil activity also long lasting controlled includes all early and late germinating annual species in maize, like Chenopodium-, Atriplex-, Amaranthus-, Solanum- and Galinsoga-spezies. But also other dicotyledoneous weeds of a typical crop rotation like Stellaria media, Lamium-, Veronica-species and many others are well controlled by Topramezone.
Unsufficient control is achieved against the cool season grasses, Polygonum convolvulus as well as Geranium- and Erodium-species.
The compound will be sold as Clioâ in Germany from 2006 onwards in a SC-formulation containing 336 g/l Topramezone. Depending of the situation, a rate of 50-75 g/ha Topramezone resp. 150-225 ml/ha Clio together with 1,0 l/ha of the adjuvant Dash E.C. will be recommended.
OD esi ® - the new, innovative formulation technology for Sulfonylureas shown at the example of ATLANTIS® OD
Summary
The complete article is written in German
In future ATLANTIS® OD (Mesosulfuron-Methyl; Iodosulfuron-Methyl-Natrium; Mefenpyr-Diethyl) based on the new ODesi® formulation technology will be launched on the German plant protection market. The advantages of this formulation result in a better retention, better spreading and better uptake in comparison to ATLANTIS® WG (Mesosulfuron-Methyl; Iodosulfuron-Methyl-Natrium; Mefenpyr-Diethyl). The weed control of ATLANTIS® OD is improved compared to the WG-formulation. ATLANTIS® OD controls important grass weeds like Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), silky Bentgrass (Apera spica-venti), Bluegrass- (Poa L. spec.) and Bromegrass species (Bromus L. spec.). The application in cereals as winter wheat, winter rye and Triticale can be realised in autumn at post emergence of the weeds (growth stage BBCH 11 – 25) or in spring at the start of vegetation up to stage BBCH 32.
AXIAL TM – Influence of the application timing on the reliable control of grass weeds in cereals.
Summary
The complete article is written in German
The selective cereal graminicide AXIAL, discovered and developed by Syngenta Crop Protection AG, is characterized through an outstanding tolerance to the crop, high flexibility in its handling and use as well as an excellent control of the most important grass weeds in cereals. Particularly in winter barley, where relatively few post-emergence herbicides are available, AXIAL offers a new standard in grass weed control. Against the important grass weeds in cereals like Loose silky-bent grass (Apera spica-venti), Wild oat (Avena fatua), Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) and Ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) AXIAL has shown to be outstanding efficacious. Through the excellent flexibility in application and uses of AXIAL, it is possible for the grower to prevent workload peaks. As all crops, even in an early re-cropping situation, following an AXIAL application can be re-planted a flexible and unrestricted crop rotation is possible.
Experiences with additives in combination with herbicides for grass control in cereals
Summary
The complete article is written in German
In 2003 to 2005 various trials were carried out to test the influence of additives or ammonium-nitrate-urea solution (AHL) in combination with common herbicide mixtures against Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.. At various locations in North Rhine-Westphalia the trials were carried out in Triticum aestivum. In most of the cases, the impact of the herbicides against grass weeds could be increased by adding an adjuvant. With increased weed control a higher yield could be measured. Because of adding an adjuvant or ammonium-nitrate-urea solution the selectivity of the herbicide mixtures decreased. Stronger elucidation and growth compression were the obvious symptoms on wheat plants. A reduced grain yield due to the phytotoxic symptoms was measured only in a few cases.
Chlortoluron – re-introduction of a compound with great importance to manage herbicide resistance in blackgrass ( Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.)
Summary
The complete article is written in German
Black grass is a hard-to-control grass, especially in areas with crop rotation of cereals and oilseed rape. Besides cultivation practice, alternating use of herbicides with different modes of action in tank mix or spraying course is the most important measure for achieving a sustainable control and prevention of resistance development. The urea derivatives Isoproturon (IPU) and Chlorotoluron (CTU) are belonging to the herbicides most frequently used in Europe against the grass. While IPU has been used in Germany since more than 40 years without interruption, registration of CTU-containing formulations has expired in 1998. For Lentipur CL 700, a 700 g/l Chlorotoluron SC formulation, the registration in Germany is expected for June 2006. In trials conducted in parallel to the registration process, the efficacy of the formulation alone and in tank mixture with Ralon Super was tested at post emergence timing in autumn. The trials showed, that the combination of 2,0 l/ha Lentipur CL 700 with 1,0 l/ha Ralon Super is providing a high level of safety for black grass control also under difficult conditions. Investigations on sensitivity of black grass samples against CTU in the greenhouse revealed results correlating to that on field efficacy of Lentipur CL 700.
Certrol Top – the new formulation
Summary
The complete article is written in German
Certrol TOP (290 g/L mecoprop-p + 180 g/L ioxynil-octanoate) is a new formulation significantly contrasting with the prior formulation Certrol H: The active ingredient mecoprop has been replaced by mecoprop-p and transferred to the new ester form butoxyethanol. This innovation gives Certrol TOP a number of benefits regarding efficacy and protection of the environment.
From the trials aiming at re-registration of the herbicide Certrol TOP, 10 from 2004 were evaluated with regard to efficacy and selectivity to winter- (w-barley, w-rye, w-wheat) and spring (s-barley, oats) cereals.
Certrol TOP provides excellent control of a wide range of dicotyledonous weeds following one spring application. This applies to winter cereals at 2.0 l/ha and spring cereals at 1.5 L/ha, although different species are subject to control. The related trials reflected a broad spectrum of weeds commonly occurring in winter- and spring cereals. In winter cereals a good to excellent efficacy (³ 90 %) was obtained against STEME ( Stellaria media ), VERHE ( Veronica hederifolia ), CAPBP ( Capsella bursa-pastoris ), MATCH ( Matricaria chamomilla ), MATIN ( Matricaria inodora ), LAMPU ( Lamium purpureum ), ARBTH ( Arabidopsis thaliana ), BRSNW ( Brassica napus ), GALAP ( Galium aparine ), LAMAM ( Lamium amplexicaule ). In spring cereals CHEAL ( Chenopodium album ), ANTAR ( Anthemis arvensis ), CAPBP ( Capsella bursa-pastoris ), STEME ( Stellaria media ), CIRAR ( Cirsium arvense ), GALAP ( Galium aparine ), MYOAR ( Myosotis arvensis ), POLAV ( Polygonum aviculare ), POLCO ( Polygonum convolvulus ), POLHY ( Polygonum hydropiper ), POLLA ( Polygonum lapathifolium ) were subject to good to excellent control. Only pansy species such as VIOAR ( Viola arvensis ) and VIOTR ( Viola tricolor ) were subject to fair control (³ 85 %).Certrol TOP revealed to be very selective in efficacy trials. Some cases of stunting occurred in winter rye, however vanishing in due time. No adverse impact on yield quantity was observed at target rate.
Pinoxaden – a new active ingredient for grass weed control in cereals of South-West Poland
Summary
The aim of the investigation was to determine the effect of pinoxaden (phenylpyrazolines class) – a new herbicide for control of monocotyledonous weed species in cereals.
During the period from 2002-2005 field experiments were conducted in several locations in South-West Poland. The efficacy of pinoxaden in Apera spica-venti L., Alopecurus myosuroides Huds control in winter wheat and barley and Avena fatua L. control in spring cereals was evaluated. Herbicide was applied in the autumn and the spring at doses of 20-60 g a.i. ha-1 depending on controlled weed species and their growth stage.
Pinoxaden satisfactorily controlled monocotyledonous weed species regardless of the time of application and the dose. Activity of pinoxaden differed among experiments, depending on controlled weed species, growth stage and density. Slightly better results were achieved in Apera spica-venti and Avena fatua control in comparision with Alopecurus myosuroides.
SHARK® (carfentrazone-ethyl) as part of a new system for weed control in potatoes
Summary
The complete article is written in German
The product SHARK®, which is currently used for leaf and stem desiccation in potatoes, will soon be available as a herbicide for the German market. SHARK® is a contact herbicide. As a so called “burner” it could be used shortly before emergence of the potatoes to clean up potato ridges, which are already greened-up with weeds. To get a long lasting efficacy, it is useful to use SHARK® in a tank mixture with a residual herbicide, e.g. CENTIUM® 36 CS (clomazone). This paper shows first field trials from Germany from 2005 as far as results from the United Kingdom from the pervious years.
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