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Topramazone – a new highly selective herbicide compound for control of warm season grasses and dicotyledoneous weeds in maize

Summary
The complete article is written in German
Topramezone is the first herbicide belonging to a new chemical class called pyrazolones. In sensitive plant species Topramezone inhibits the enzyme 4-Hydroxy-Phenyl-Pyruvat-dioxygenase (4-HPPD). As a result, the biosynthesis of plastochinones und indirectly of carotinoides discontinues, leading to a disruption of the synthesis and function of chloroplasts. Consequently, Chlorophyll is destroyed by oxidation. This process is expressed in pronounced bleaching symptoms of the growing shoot tissue and subsequent necrosis of the aboveground plant matter.
The pronounced selectivity in maize consists of a lower sensitivity of the enzymatic target and a faster metabolic decomposition in maize compared to sensitive plant species. Topramezone is taken up by the shoot and the roots, the distribution within the plants is both akro- and basipetally. Uptake by and distribution within the shoot is significantly increased with a suitable adjuvant.
Topramezone has favourable toxicological und ecotoxicological properties. Water solubility and persistency in the soil are in a medium range, which results in weed control also through soil uptake. However, due to the strongly pronounced foliar activity of this compound even against advanced weed growth stages and the very good crop safety, Topramezone is intended to be used postemergence of the crop in a range from 1- to 8-leaf-stage of maize.
In comparison to other 4-HPPD-inhibiting herbicides Topramezone is characterized by a highly effective control of the whole spectrum of important annual warm season grasses in central Europe, especially Echinochloa-, Setaria-, Digitaria- und Panicum-species. The list of dicotyledoneous weeds which are very well controlled and by means of the supplementary soil activity also long lasting controlled includes all early and late germinating annual species in maize, like Chenopodium-, Atriplex-, Amaranthus-, Solanum- and Galinsoga-spezies. But also other dicotyledoneous weeds of a typical crop rotation like Stellaria media, Lamium-, Veronica-species and many others are well controlled by Topramezone.
Unsufficient control is achieved against the cool season grasses, Polygonum convolvulus as well as Geranium- and Erodium-species.
The compound will be sold as Clioâ in Germany from 2006 onwards in a SC-formulation containing 336 g/l Topramezone. Depending of the situation, a rate of 50-75 g/ha Topramezone resp. 150-225 ml/ha Clio together with 1,0 l/ha of the adjuvant Dash E.C. will be recommended.

german version

Keywords/Stichworte:Topramezone; Pyrazolone; 4-HPPD; Clioâ; maize; corn; Echinochloa ; Digitaria ; Setaria ; Panicum ; dicotyledoneous weeds

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Autor:A. SCHÖNHAMMER, J. FREITAG, H. KOCH, BASF AG, Agrarzentrum Limburgerhof, 67117 Limburgerhof, E-Mail: alfons.schoenhammer@central-europe.basf.org, joachim.freitag@central-europe.basf.org, holger.koch@central-europe.basf.org

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