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National and international recommendations for the energy and nutrient supply of poultry

Summary

The present review article discusses the energy and nutrient supply of laying hens based on the recommendations of the Society for Nutrition Physiology, international scientific associations (including the Polish Academy of Sciences) and monographs on poultry nutrition. The paper addresses the following topics:

- Energy requirements depending on performance, housing conditions, ambient temperature and other factors,

- Requirements regarding the energy content of diets formulated to meet the nutritional needs of birds,

- Performance-based crude protein and amino acid requirements and requirements regarding the content of crude protein and amino acids in complete diets formulated to cover the demand of birds,

- Macroelement requirements and macroelement content of laying hen diets, with a focus on calcium (influential factors) and phosphorus (valuation system),

- Recommendations for trace element supply, with the specific aspect of safety margins,

- Recommendations for vitamin supply, with a special emphasis on the scarcity of recent scientific research on high-performance hens and justified necessary safety margins,

- Guidelines to safeguard the nutritional and physiological requirements for essential fatty acids in laying hens.

german version

Keywords/Stichworte:Laying hens; recommendations; energy; crude protein; amino acids; minerals; vitamins; essential fatty acids

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